Dr Dimitris Kalogeropoulos

The rapid convergence of connected health technologies and agentic artificial intelligence is beginning to reshape the landscape of public health systems, emerging within a healthcare environment that remains largely anchored in fragmented electronic health record infrastructures and legacy data governance models optimised for documentation rather than dynamic intelligence. Traditional regulatory frameworks were designed around medical devices with clearly defined intended purposes, bounded functionality, and stable risk profiles. However, emerging AI systems now operate as dynamic, multi-agent infrastructures capable of constructing and adapting workflows across time, context, and data sources. This shift challenges the adequacy of existing governance models and, consequently, the sufficiency of current regulatory approaches.

We introduce the concept of regulatory and ethical “white space”—the domain between legal compliance, system functionality, and real-world impact where risks, responsibilities, and interpretations are not fully defined. In AI-enabled public health systems, this white space is no longer peripheral; it becomes the primary operating environment in which decisions are made and propagated. Drawing on current developments in generative and agentic AI systems, including multi-step reasoning architectures, the talk examines how risk is redistributed across interconnected workflows rather than contained within discrete devices or models. This leads to new forms of systemic risk propagation, context-dependent data relevance, and distributed accountability that are not adequately addressed by existing regulatory structures.

The lecture further explores insights from emerging AI ethics scholarship, including structured approaches to bias, privacy, truth, copyright, labour, and power, and extends these into the domain of public health systems. It argues that ethical governance must be understood as design-time system behaviour shaping, rather than post-hoc compliance assessment. Finally, the session examines the growing gap between high-level regulatory frameworks—such as the EU AI Act and global codes of practice—and their operational implementation. It highlights the critical role of emerging standards in bridging this gap, particularly in areas such as health data transparency, secure agentic infrastructure, and system-level coordination frameworks. The central argument is that ethics in AI-enabled public health is not a constraint on innovation, but a mechanism for stabilising complex adaptive systems at scale.

Biography:

Dr Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos is Chief Executive of the Global Health & Digital Innovation Foundation (UK) and an early pioneer in systems medicine and artificial intelligence in healthcare. He is the founder of DorothAI™—a governed clinical AI platform that enables clinicians to safely build, adapt, and deploy domain-specific safe language models™ within their own practice. Unlike static AI systems, the platform embeds governance directly into the model lifecycle, supporting real-time learning and dynamic patient risk stratification in complex clinical domains such as cardio-oncology, while maintaining regulatory-grade oversight and validation pathways.

He is an experienced global policy executive and has played a leading role in AI-enabled global health systems, contributing to multiple initiatives within the IEEE Standards Association that support the operationalisation of systems medicine. He currently serves as Chair of the IEEE European Public Policy Committee (EPPC), where he contributes to international policy dialogue on AI governance, regulation, and health systems transformation.

Dr Kalogeropoulos has advised and collaborated with global institutions including the World Bank, the European Commission, and the World Health Organization (WHO), and has been involved in major international AI governance initiatives, including discussions related to the EU AI Act and the GPAI Code of Practice.

Across research, standards, regulation, and policy, his work focuses on making systems medicine operational, governable, and sustainable—bridging technical innovation with regulatory and institutional design.

Address:United States