[Legacy Report] Mobile or Terminal Antennae Design

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Nowadays, the access to mobile communications not only through mobile telephones, but also other kinds of
portable devices such as notebooks or PDAs, equipped with PCMCIA cards, allows providing almost universal connectivity,
with access to public or private networks. Therefore, both cellular standards, such as the GSM family and third generation
standards such as UMTS, as well as unlicensed networks, like WLAN, should be accessible with a single device. However,
the limited space available for the antenna and the small overall size of the terminal are often the reason for the narrow band
characteristics of the resulting antennas. This problem becomes even more serious when a multiband or an ultra-wideband
antenna has to be designed. Also, only a careful design of the antenna taking into account the interaction both with the
handset components and the human user can lead to satisfying solutions that fulfill the given requirements for mobile
communications handsets. Their design is, however, no trivial task due not only to the extensive requirements of modern
antennas, but also to plethora of physical factors that impinge on their performance, such as the close proximity of electronic
components. However, in the design of antennas for commercial applications, the designer has to take into account many
issues not directly related to the antenna itself. Antenna engineers have to interact with other departments, to satisfy all the
requirements in terms of, for example, mechanical stability, aesthetical design or compliance testing. Thus, the design must
be able to adapt the antenna concept to eventual changes in the device or the specifications. Although the use of powerful
software packages has allowed the precise simulation of antennas in such a complex environment, they are useless without an
in-depth knowledge of electromagnetic theory and experience in solving such problems. Dr. Martínez-Vázquez has been
involved in the design of antennas for mobile communications both from the academic and the industrial point of view,

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